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Submitted by: Gerald Tudor Other than the fact that William was a resident of Madison Co., Kentucky near the Village of Paint Lick, the most knowledge we have of him comes from the interview that Lyman Copeland Draper conducted when William was in his late-eighties. The interview, no doubt was a result of his being one of the few remaining pioneers to the area. William, by the interview, came with his father and mother to William Miller's Station on Paint Lick Creek when he was eight years of age. He witnessed and/or was told, or listened to many early accounts of troubles on the frontier and the Wilderness Road. In some instances, his recall is in error by historical fact. Notes at the end of the Interview will apprise the reader of the facts.
DRAPER
MANUSCRIPT
The following is a transcript of the interview done by Lyndon Irwin of
Bois d'Arc, Missouri. My thanks to him for making me aware of the
document and his subsequent assistance.
From William Champ born near the head of the North Fork of Roanoke, Botetourt
County, Va. July 27th, 1776 - was taken to Miller's Station, on Paint Lick
Creek, Oct. 4th, 1784. His father and others came through the wilderness
together - some 25 young men, mounted, served as guard and pioneers - would
go ahead towards night and select a proper camp, with water convenient.
They camped on the south bank of Laurel River - the families arriving there
after dark - had gone farther than usual as they could not find water.
At their camp discover the dead body and other mangled carcasses of McNitt
and Ford's defeat, which occurred at that place eight days before - hence
about Sept. 22 - as Mr. Champ supposes it took about four days to thence
to Miller's Station. Thirty odd persons were killed at that time
- was called the big defeater camp. All that night, the Champ party
were camped there, their dogs fought the wolves who were seeking the carcasses
of the unfortunate slain. Polly Ford, so long with the Indians, was
a daughter of Ford's - she once came to Kentucky, but did not like living
with whites and soon returned to her Indian husband.
NOTES:
!. William's father, William Champ, Sr., was at Paint Lick in November of 1785 as his name appears on a petition to the General Assembly of Virginia for the resulting creation of Mercer and Madison Counties in 1786. Therefore, William Champ, Jr.'s account of the family's arrival in then Lincoln County is correct. James Rood Robertson, (Louisville, 1914), Petitions of the Early Inhabitants of Kentucky to the General Assembly of Virginia, p. 84 Petition No. 27, p. 185 name index. 2. By other historical accounts, Mr. Champ is in error as to when the McNitt-Ford Defeat occurred. Draper, by calendar date deductions, supposes that by Champ's description, his party arrived on the south bank of the Laurel River about September 30, 1784, and that the massacre occurred some eight days prior, September 22, 1784. October 3, 1786 is the date most consistently given for the McNitt Defeat and on the south bank of the Little Laurel River. Robert L. Kincaid, (Middlesboro, KY. 1966, 3rd Edition), p. 177, references Bayless Hardin, ed., "Whitley Papers" published in The Register of Kentucky State Historical Society, Vol. 36, No. 116, July 1938, pp. 190-209. Charles G. Talbert, William Whitley 1749-1813, published in, Early Lincoln County History, compiled and edited by Mrs. M. H. Dunn, 4th printing, February 1975, p. 51. Thomas D. Clark, ed., The Voice of the Frontier, John Bradford's Notes on Kentucky, referencing J. J. Dickey, "McNitt's Defeat", in Russell Dyche, History of Laurel County, pp. 17-18, gives night of October 1, 1786 for raid upon the McNitt party. 3. A legend persists that Polly did return and stay with her people (the whites); that she married a John Pruitt and had a family, that it was said she also had an Indian child, a girl. Madison County records report a marriage bond for a John Pruett and Polly Ford for 10 September 1805. This would be about 19 years after the capture. Her return was not before the death of her father, Peter Ford in 1801. Peter left his daughter 50 acres, should she ever return from captivity. The census records of Madison County lists a John Prewitt/Pruitt/Pruett from 1810 through 1830. By 1840, John is apparently deceased as Polly (Ford) Prewitt is listed as head of household, being between 50 and 60 years of age. Polly would have been but a child of about 8 years of age when captured. So, it would stand to reason that her Indian ways would tend to dominate her life style and would add credence to her return to her Indian husband as reported by Champ. Yet, there is evidence that Polly did return and stay. Some of the facts do contradict the above statements. Her child was actually a son, not a daughter as reported, of the Miami War Chief "Little Turtle", and was called by the whites, "Indian Jack". After Polly married John Pruett/Prewitt, Indian Jack was adopted and renamed John Ford Prewitt. He married Milly Green in Garrard County on 11 March 1823. They had one child, Elizabeth whose marriage to Sidney Warmouth has produced many descendants, some in present Madison County. John Ford "Indian Jack" Prewitt, walked away from home one day and is lost to history to this day. "Polly's Story" is an interesting one, but time and space does not permit its inclusion in this publication. Work will be done to add her story in the next publication of Heritage Highlights. (These notes are as appeared in the Madison County Historical Society's Heritage Highlights publication Vol. 3, No. 2 Winter 1999.) Forrest Calico, History of Garrard County and Its Churches, 1947, pp. 196-197. Bill and Kathy Vockery, Madison County Kentucky Marriage Records Vol. I 1786 - 1822, 1993. Anna Joy (Munday) Hubble, Madison County Kentucky Census Records, 1810-1840. Bill and Kathy Vockery, Garrard Co., Kentucky Marriage Records 1797-1853, 1989. Michael A. Leaverton, Prewitt, Pruitt, Pruet, etc. - a Miami name, published in Indian by Blood II by Richard Pangburn, 1996. Jim McNitt, James McNitt & Kentucky's Worst Indian Massacre, excerpts from the original by V. V. McNitt, 1951. 4. It is established that Hannah is the mother of William Champ, Jr. and Andrew Miller. As William Champ, Jr. is but an eight year old lad at the time of his arrival in Kentucky, it is apparent that his half-brother is somewhat older to have been included in Whitley's pursuit party. Champ established his birth place as near the head of the North Fork of the Roanoke River in Botetourt County, Virginia in 1776. At a Court held in Botetourt County on May 10, 1774, by the abstracts of Summers in his Annals of Southwest Virginia, page 124, a guardianship is set up for a William and Andrew Miller, orphans of David Miller. In the succeeding paragraph, it is ordered that Laird Robinson, John Robinson, and Samuel Robinson do lay off and Alott to Hannah Bryd (index says Byrd) late widow of Laird Miller (this may be an error in a duplication of the name Laird), decd., her dower in two tracts of land of the said dec'd estate lying on the North Fork of Roan Oak.... ....The location of the Miller estate and the birth place of William Champ, Jr. is close enough, in this recorder's belief, to rule out a coincidence. It is likely also that a check of the original Court Record will reveal a David Miller as Hannah's dec'd. husband. William Champ, Sr. last paid tax in Garrard County in 1799, his wife, Hannah is listed on the Tax List afterwards as a widow. William Champ, Sr.'s death was in the same year that he last paid taxes; his son relates to his death in the Boone segment of this Interview. Harold J. Kurtz, 1797 and 1799 Tax List of Garrard County Kentucky, 1990 and 1800 - 1802 Taxpayers of Garrard County, Kentucky, 1997.
5.
By William Whitley's own words on the McNitt Defeat, "I was in Virginia,
and they (the Indians) were not followed." Mrs. M. H. Dunn, Early
Lincoln County History, p. 51,
6. This entire account may be of fact, but not for the Defeated Camp of McNitt. Numerous massacres occurred on the Wilderness Road during 1784. The McClure attack occurred on Scagg's Creek in October of 1784. Whitley and others followed up on this occasion and rescued Mrs. McClure. This is not likely the incident that Champ relates to. A few weeks later, south of Raccoon Spring, south of Laurel River was the attack on the Moore party. Whitley followed up and recovered 28 stolen horses, goods, cash, and eight scalps of the murdered party. No captives were found. Considering the years elapsed and the age of Champ at the interview with Draper, it is highly probable that the stories heard and told over the years became mingled into one. Champ was noted for his stories about the Indians. In the family records of Guy Boatright, he mentions that his mother used to relate to his (Champ's) Indian stories he told her. Robert L. Kincaid, TheWilderness Road, accounts of McClure's and Moore's Defeats. Guy Boatright, Family Notes, 1950. Van Every, Men of the Western Waters, 1956, p. 220 Appendix, 1784 Summer - 100 listed killed on Wilderness Road. 7. Meadow Fork is probably meant Walnut Meadow Fork, but likely different from when Stephenson/Stevenson settled. Today's Walnut Meadow, and how it is located on the 1876 Beers map, is an eastern tributary of Paint Lick Creek with its head waters near the present city of Berea. Mr. Calico, in his History of Garrard County and its Churches, supposes that in the beginning, the Walnut Meadow Branch began somewhat north of where it now joins Paint Lick Creek, and at the forks of present day White Lick and Paint Lick Creeks, thus taking the course of the current main Paint Lick Fork that serves as the eastern boundary line of Madison and Garrard Counties; that the White Lick Creek from the forks of Kennedy's Branch (current Walker's Branch)was once the main fork of Paint Lick. So, pinpointing Stevenson's settlement would require more research than this recorder will attempt. Sadie Ralston Kuhlman, Family Notes, places Stevenson's Station at or near Gum Spring, which is on the Garrard County side of Paint Lick Creek adjacent to State Highway 21 which parallels Paint Lick Creek and is somewhat south and west of Bell's Spring.
8.
This recorder does not pretend to know the significance of the silk handkerchief
and the wound treatment unless the absorption power of silk aids in some
way the cleansing of the wound. Silk's "weight can be increased as
much as 30% in moisture." I can report that the 18th century layman practitioner
was in many ways a better doctor than the learned physician. Rick
Brainard's segment on the Internet, History--The 18th Century, sourcing
Daniel Boorstien, The American: The Colonial Experience, pp. 209-210 3
Vols. New York: Vantage Press, 1958. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. 20,
Silk p. 668, 1961. Further knowledge of the silk handkerchief treatment
and its availability on the frontier would be interesting.
Upon first examination of historical facts regarding this attack, it was felt that Champ again had been confused as to the time of this encounter. In September of 1790 the appraisal of the estate of an Elizabeth Stephenson , decd. was ordered, followed by the return of the Inventory and appraisement of the estate of Edward [Elizabeth] Stephenson in February 1791 made it apparent that it was not the same Stephenson family that fell victim to the Indian attack. The Edward Stephenson who died as a result of the attack made a nuncupative (oral) Will which was proved on 2 October 1792. The will allowed for his wife to keep the estate to raise the children which agrees with Champ that she lingered for a few years before dying. Additionally, in a newspaper account in Frederick County, Virginia, October 1, 1792, Winchester, " a traveler who passed thru this town on Friday informs that the Indians about 5 weeks ago killed a Mr. Stevenson and family not far from Madison Ct. House, Kentucky." There is more than one report on the Stephenson Attack which confirms the time of occurrence. Jackie Couture, MadisonCounty, Kentucky, Court Order Book A, 1787 - 1791, 1996. Micro-filmed copy of Madison County Kentucky Book of Wills, Appraisements, Inventories (Vol. A), p. 44, Townsend Room, Eastern Kentucky University Library, Richmond, Kentucky. Jackie Couture, valued assistance to references at the Eastern Kentucky University Library's Townsend Room, Richmond, Kentucky. 10. Jenny Stevenson married Moses Turpin, 22 April, 1800. Madison County KentuckyMarriage Records Vol. I, 1786 - 1822, Compiled by Bill and Kathy Vockery, 1993. 11. Joseph Scott's survey covered a great portion of the area from William Miller's Paint Lick Station survey stretching to and including the Kirksville Road (Hwy 595 off Hwy 52) intersection. Fred L. Simpson, Back of the Cane, Early Virginia Surveys in Today's Garrard County, Kentucky, 1992 (Plotted Map - Some surveys are on both sides of the present Garrard and Madison County border). 13. William Miller left no male heirs, four of five daughters lived to adulthood and married. Other than his settlement at Paint Lick, little is known of him except his marriage to Nancy Yancy, a supposed biography (mostly fiction) penned by Anna Burnside Brown in first person, and William Harris Caperton's account of Estill's Defeat where he says, "It is, however, disgraceful to relate that, at the very onset of the action, Lieut. Miller, of Capt. Estill's party, with six men under his command, ‘ ingloriously fled' from the field, thereby placing in jeopardy the whole of their comrades, and causing the death of many brave soldiers." It might be said that Caperton lost kin in this battle. Additionally, Richard Collins, History of Kentucky, Vol. II, pp. 634-637, Battle of "Little Mountain, or Estill's Defeat", reports that..."7 were left dead upon the field; 11 came back to Estill's station, and were ever after held in high honor; and 7 returned to dishonor"-- (strange that 7 returned when Miller reports that 2 of his 6 men were killed at the first fire?). David Cook, Estill's Ensign, who was ordered to take Miller's abandoned position, is said to have watched for Miller to come to Richmond for over twenty years, "swearing he would kill him on sight, but Miller prudently kept away." (Richmond did not exist until about 1798, so if Cook looked for Miller for over twenty years it must have included the 16 years from the end of the Defeat up to the founding of Richmond. Perhaps Miller stayed away from the county seat of Milford during the time also). Lancaster Women's Club, Patches of Garrard County 1976 - 1974, 1974. The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, October, 1945, Vol. 43 No. 145, Colonel William H. Caperton, Estill's Defeat, pp. 333-335. Although there is no proof of a relationship of Champ to William Miller, it is possible as Champ's mother had been married to a Miller, and the Champ Party's destination, from the beginning, seems to have been Miller's Station. It is also possible that Champ's half-brother Andrew Miller may have already been at Miller's Fort before the arrival of the Champ Party. This recorder suggests that William Miller may have been an uncle to Andrew.
14. Col. Thomas
Kennedy is an interesting study separate of this report. As
to his estate, only his son, Thomas, Jr. is believed to have squandered
his portion of the estate, which was the larger part. It only took
him four years to do so as he only survived his father by the same period
of time.
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